“三教合一”的视觉阐释：宋代三教图研究的现状、路径与突破
四川师范大学文学院，成都市，四川省，中国（College of Literature, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China）
Abstract
中文
宋代是儒、释、道三教关系走向深度融合的关键时期，“三教合一”思潮不仅体现在思想层面，更在视觉艺术领域产生了极具代表性的文化产物——“三教图”。首先，从思想史背景来看，学界对宋代三教融合之理论内涵、各阶层实践及其社会文化影响的探讨，为理解三教图提供宏观语境。其次，学界聚焦于三教图本身，针对《三教图》《虎溪三笑图》等经典画作的个案研究，涵盖其图像志、风格流变、意识形态隐喻及艺术本体分析。再次，学界考察三教图在后世的题咏、地域文化建构以及在朝鲜、日本等东亚地区的传播与接受情况，展现其跨时空的文化影响力。总之，当前研究在整体性观照、社会维度分析及跨学科整合方面存在不足，未来可系统考察宋代三教图作为一种视觉叙事体系，如何主动参与并塑造了宋人的信仰秩序与文化观念。
English
The Song Dynasty marked a pivotal period in the profound integration of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. The “Three Teachings in Unity” movement manifested not only intellectually but also produced highly representative cultural artefacts in the visual arts: the “Three Teachings Diagrams”. Firstly, from the perspective of intellectual history, scholarly discussions on the theoretical underpinnings of the Three Teachings synthesis in the Song Dynasty, its practice across social strata, and its socio-cultural impact provide a macro-context for understanding the Three Teaching Paintings. Secondly, academic focus has centred on the paintings themselves, with case studies of classic works such as the Three Teaching Paintings and the Tiger-Creek Three-Laughter Picture covering iconography, stylistic evolution, ideological metaphor, and artistic analysis. Thirdly, scholarship examines the Three Teachings paintings' subsequent poetic inscriptions, their role in regional cultural construction, and their dissemination and reception across East Asia—including Korea and Japan—demonstrating their trans-temporal cultural influence. In summary, current research exhibits shortcomings in holistic observation, socio-historical analysis, and interdisciplinary integration. Future studies may systematically investigate how the Song Dynasty's Three Teachings paintings, as a visual narrative system, actively participated in and shaped contemporary Song beliefs and cultural concepts.
Keywords:
宋代; 三教图; 三教关系; 学术史; 研究现状; Song Dynasty ; Diagram of the Three Teachings; Relationship between the Three Teachings; History of Scholarship; Current State of ResearchCopyright Notice & License:
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