Retraction & Correction Policy
The International Review of Education and Learning Sciences (IRELS) is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. We take responsibility for correcting the literature when errors or ethical issues are identified.
Grounds for Retraction
An article may be retracted if there is clear evidence of:
- Plagiarism or redundant publication.
- Data fabrication, falsification, or serious methodological errors.
- Unethical research practices or violations of publication ethics.
- Authorship manipulation or undisclosed conflicts of interest.
* Note: Retractions are issued to correct the scholarly record and are not intended to punish authors.
Corrections
A correction (erratum or corrigendum) is published when errors do not invalidate the overall findings, such as:
- Minor data or calculation errors.
- Errors in author names/affiliations.
- Typographical errors affecting clarity.
Expressions of Concern
An expression of concern may be issued when:
- There is inconclusive evidence of misconduct.
- An investigation is ongoing and a final decision has not yet been reached.
Retraction & Correction Process
The decision to retract or correct is made by the Editor-in-Chief in consultation with the editorial team. Authors are given an opportunity to respond. Notices are published promptly and linked to the original article.
Transparency & Indexing
- Retracted articles remain accessible but are clearly marked.
- Notices are freely accessible and state the reason.
- Indexing services (e.g., Scopus) are notified updates.
