New advances in the treatment of common conjunctivitis: A review
The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University/Zhenjiang Kangfu Eye Hospital
The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University/Zhenjiang Kangfu Eye Hospital
The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University/Zhenjiang Kangfu Eye Hospital
The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University/Zhenjiang Kangfu Eye Hospital
Abstract
Background: The conjunctiva serves as a frontline mucosal and immunologic barrier, rendering it highly susceptible to infectious, allergic, and immune-mediated insults. Conjunctivitis remains the most common ocular surface disease globally, yet its clinical management is often challenged by diagnostic ambiguity, empirical treatments, and evolving pathogen resistance.
Objective: This review synthesizes recent advancements in the pharmacological management of conjunctivitis, with a focus on aligning therapeutic strategies to distinct etiologic subtypes: bacterial, viral, and allergic.
Methods: Evidence from randomized controlled trials, real-world clinical studies, and translational research published between 2010 and 2024 was critically reviewed. First-line pharmacotherapies and emerging treatment modalities were evaluated based on efficacy, safety, accessibility, and mechanism of action.
Results: Conventional topical therapies such as antibiotics, antihistamines, and corticosteroids remain central to treatment. However, biologics, immunomodulators, and antiseptic-antiviral combinations have expanded the therapeutic landscape, particularly in refractory or high-severity cases. Innovations in drug delivery systems and immune-targeted agents show promise but require further validation.
Conclusion: Optimal conjunctivitis management demands precision diagnosis, stratified treatment selection, and vigilance against overtreatment. Integrating traditional medicine within evidence-based frameworks and ensuring equitable access to novel therapies especially in resource-limited settings represent critical frontiers for future research and policy reform.
Keywords:
Conjunctivitis; Ophthalmic pharmacotherapy; Antihistamines; Immunomodulators; Biologics; Evidence-based medicineCopyright Notice & License:
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