
Conflict of Interest Policy
A conflict of interest (COI) exists when professional judgment concerning a primary interest (research validity) may be influenced by secondary interests (financial gain, personal ties, or institutional loyalties). This policy applies to all submitted manuscripts.
Authors must disclose any relevant interests from the past 36 months, including:
- Financial Support: Research grants, honoraria, speaker bureaus, or consulting fees from organizations that may benefit from the research.
- Employment & Affiliations: Current or anticipated employment by any organization with a stake in the findings.
- Personal/Professional Ties: Close relationships with editors or reviewers involved in the evaluation of the manuscript.
- Intellectual/Ideological: Strong personal beliefs or competition that might influence the interpretation of data.
At submission, the corresponding author must provide a statement on behalf of all co-authors. If the manuscript is accepted, the COI statement will be published as part of the article.
To ensure an impartial review, editors and reviewers who have a COI with a manuscript (e.g., working at the same institution or recent co-authorship) must recuse themselves from the evaluation process.
Reviewers must also confirm they have no COI before accessing the full manuscript for peer review.
Failure to disclose a COI can lead to the immediate rejection of the manuscript. If a COI is discovered after publication, the journal will follow COPE guidelines, which may result in a formal correction or, in severe cases, article retraction.
By implementing these disclosure requirements, we ensure that the journal aligns with the indexing standards of Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus, fostering trust within the global scholarly community.